![]() We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. When people do not have cardiac tamponade, doctors do not usually use pericardiocentesis to diagnose fluid around heart spaces unless the medical team is concerned about bacterial infection. Researchers report that although the procedure is risky, it can be a potentially lifesaving technique for people with cardiac tamponade. The consistency of the fluid, which could be either watery or high in protein, helps doctors determine what is causing the fluid buildup and how best to treat it. Sometimes, it is necessary to leave a drain in the pericardial space to remove all the fluid from the sac. This procedure involves using a needle to remove a sample of the fluid around the heart for analysis. Pericardiocentesis is another important tool that doctors use to determine what causes pericardial effusion. This test can also show doctors the amount and location of the fluid. When a doctor suspects that a person has this condition, researchers recommend that they use an echocardiogram as their first diagnostic tool. ![]() Medical imaging is an effective way to determine whether someone has fluid around the heart.
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